Background: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with abnormal female sexual functioning. The aim of our study was to assess whether vitamin D supplementation affects sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in young women with low vitamin D status. Methods: The study included 47 women with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. All women with vitamin D deficiency were treated with oral vitamin D, while women with vitamin D insufficiency were either treated with vitamin D or left untreated. Results: The total FSFI score and scores in three domains sexual desire, orgasm and satisfaction were lower while the overall BDI-II score was higher in women with vitamin D deficiency than in women with vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D improved sexual desire in women with both vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency, increased the total FSFI score and scores for orgasm and sexual satisfaction, as well as decreased the total BDI-II score in women with vitamin D deficiency.
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Female sexual dysfunction occurs when a woman is not able to fully, healthily, and pleasurably experience some or all of the various physical stages the body normally experiences during sexual activity. These stages can be broadly thought of as the desire phase, the arousal phase, and the orgasm phase. Sexual dysfunction also includes painful intercourse. In women, sexual dysfunction takes many forms and has numerous causes. It is important to address all the aspects of a woman's sexuality — whether physical, psychological, physiological mechanical , or interpersonal — in order to resolve the problems. Female sexual dysfunction is actually quite common. Optimal treatment can reduce the frequency of relapses and slow disease progression. Assess your symptoms and personal journey as a step in guiding your care. Female sexual dysfunction may be related to physical factors, psychological factors, or a mixture of both. It can also be a matter of problems with technique: some women never fully experience sexual arousal and orgasm because they or their partners lack sexual knowledge.
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As women get older, they tend to have less sex. They may also find it less enjoyable than before. So far, studies have explained these tendencies by pointing the finger at physiological changes during and after menopause. What are the other factors? Research has repeatedly found that women report having less sex and deriving less pleasure from it as they reach menopause and beyond. Why does this happen? Doctors tend to focus on the physiological aspects, such as vaginal dryness and changes in estrogen levels, that may make sex more difficult or less enjoyable during and after menopause.
Female sexual dysfunction FSD is a broad term used to describe three categories of disorders of a multifactorial nature. Efficacious but limited pharmacotherapeutic options exist to address FSD. Off-label use of hormonal therapies, particularly estrogen and testosterone, are the most widely employed for FSD, particularly in postmenopausal women. Other drugs currently under investigation include phosphodiesterase inhibitors and agents that modulate dopamine or melanocortin receptors. Pharmacists should be aware of the classifications of FSD and the options that are currently available for treatment.
